Archives
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The intestinal epithelium is the
2022-06-30
The intestinal epithelium is the first line of defense against pathogens and noxious agents and exerts a range of physiological activities, including digestion and Adenine australia of nutrients. The intestinal wall consists of a series of finger shaped protrusions called villi and invaginations kn
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In the upper part of the
2022-06-30
In the upper part of the intestine a small amount of conjugated BAs are reabsorbed via passive diffusion, whereas the part of BAs that escape enterohepatic circulation passes into the colon where they undergo bacterial conversions such as deconjugation, dehydroxylation or dehydrogenation, into secon
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Much is known about FPPS structure and function
2022-06-30
Much is known about FPPS structure and function, with over 120 FPPS crystal structures being currently available. This wealth of information is largely the consequence of human FPPS serving as a drug target for the treatment and/or prevention of pathologies such as osteoporosis, hypercalcemia and Pa
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Many extracellular matrix ECM proteins are ligands and
2022-06-30
Many extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins are ligands and regulators of integrin/FAK signaling and are involved in various aspects of cancer progression, including growth, survival, invasion, and metastasis (Lu et al., 2012). Tubulointerstitial nephritis antigen-like 1 (Tinagl1), a secreted extracell
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Histamine modulates an attentional state which might affect
2022-06-30
Histamine modulates an attentional state, which might affect performances in the object recognition test. Indeed, systemic injection of H3 receptor inverse agonists enhances the attentional state (41). However, the memory recovery in our study is unlikely to be due to the enhanced attentional state.
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The exact mechanism by which mitochondrial hexokinases such
2022-06-30
The exact mechanism by which mitochondrial hexokinases such as HK1 and HK2 prevent apoptosis is unclear. Mitochondrial hexokinases have been shown to bind with the voltage-dependent anion channel 1 (VDAC1), giving them direct access to ATP for use as an energy source [36]. Akt has been shown to prom
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Before cell motility assay cells were pretreated with
2022-06-29
Before cell motility assay, Kenpaullone were pretreated with GW1100 (1 μM), which is an antagonist of GPR40 [20], [21]. GW1100 increased the cell motile activity of MG63-R7 cells in the presence of GW9508, similar as observed with MG-63 cells (Fig. 4A). Moreover, to confirm the effects of GPR120 on
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After ischemia expression of transcription factors including
2022-06-29
After ischemia, expression of transcription factors, including products of immediate early genes, stress proteins and neurotrophic factors are also altered in CA1 neurons78, 79. These proteins are potential candidates for downregulating of GluR2 expression by reducing mRNA transcription or stability
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Moreover to evaluate the properties
2022-06-29
Moreover, to evaluate the properties of immobilized β-glucosidase further, the anti-protease test was also carried out. The result showed that the residual activity of the β[email protected] was higher than that of the [email protected]β-glucosidase and free β-glucosidase. Because free β-glucosidase and t
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Nuclear export of GK has been reported to be
2022-06-29
Nuclear export of GK has been reported to be dependent on a GK nuclear export signal (NES), mapped to residues 300–310 (Shiota et al., 1999). The assignment of a nuclear export signal common to both the liver and pancreatic GK isoform sequence suggests a possible reversible translocation of GK acros
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The MeO CFO phen yl group was then selected
2022-06-29
The 1-MeO-4-CFO-phen-2-yl group was then selected for the C-3 position when we investigated the aryl substituents at the C-6 position of indazole. As shown in , C-6 position seems to be more tolerant than the C-3 position, as all the aryl groups examined exhibited potent hGCGR activity. Interestingl
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br Discussion The model of a
2022-06-29
Discussion The model of a NVU described by Mathias et al. (2018) has been implemented on the macro scale (see Kenny et al. (2018b)) via a 2D cerebral tissue slice coupled to a vascular tree. In particular, further communication within the tissue slice has been implemented via extracellular ion el
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br Galanin in depression A major impediment in
2022-06-29
Galanin in depression A major impediment in depression research is the lack of validated animals´ models. Animals not only lack consciousness of self, self-reflection and consideration of others but also hallmarks of the disorder such as depressed mood, low self-esteem or suicidal intent are hard
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A relatively independent review of
2022-06-29
A relatively independent review of the history of the discovery of GABA (and L-glutamate) as neurotransmitters in the CNS can be found in ‘When and why amino acids?’ in the in 2010 by Kresimir Krnjevic , who spent a post-doc in Canberra in 1956–1958. Introduction The insect RDL GABA receptor is
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In this study we have investigated the
2022-06-29
In this study, we have investigated the expression of FXR and TGR5 in CCA tissues in two independent cohorts of patients and determined their association with tumor clinicopathological parameters. The expression of both BA receptors was also evaluated in CCA human cells and normal human cholangiocyt