• The typical pharmacophore for GPR

  2022-03-07

  

  The typical pharmacophore for GPR40 agonists contains four parts: head (acid moiety), central (phenyl ring), linker and tail (aromatic carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring) [20]. On the other hand, the chemical features that are required for the PPARγ agonists include hydrogen bond donors and acceptors

• For our test subjects we used established high fat

  2022-03-07

  

  For our test subjects, we used established high fat diet–induced obese (eDIO) male mices T2DM models. The establishment of eDIO mice was accomplished with a 60% high fat diet ad libitum over a 14 week period (initiated at 6 weeks of age). Compared with regularly-dieted mice, the eDIO ones weigh sign

• One of the main mechanisms

  2022-03-07

  

  One of the main mechanisms enabling recycling of intracellular redox-active iron is lysosomal degradation of ferritin in the process of autophagy, often referred to as ‘ferritinophagy’ [128]. Autophagy was suggested to contribute to ferroptotic cell death by promoting the degradation of iron storage

• br Materials and methods br Results The immunoblot

  2022-03-07

  

  Materials and methods Results The immunoblot analysis demonstrated the presence of similar immunoreactivity by liver FBPase in hepatic and renal extracts. These results indicate that FBPase is present in a similar amount in both tissues. Moreover, the analysis revealed that the antibody detect

• Another strategy adopted to enhance

  2022-03-07

  

  Another strategy adopted to enhance the action of endocannabinoids is indirectly through blocking their metabolism. Indeed, amplifying the action of anandamide and 2-AG by inhibiting their enzymatic degradation has emerged to develop the endocannabinoid system for medicinal purposes. It is interest

• Despite all efforts for development

  2022-03-07

  

  Despite all efforts for development of reliable laboratory methods, according to WHO/UNAIDS technical update on HIV incidence assays, none of the assays evaluated by Consortium for the Evaluation and Performance of HIV Incidence Assays (CEPHIA) have completely met the criteria for an incidence assay

• Signaling pathways that control the redox stress response

  2022-03-07

  

  Signaling pathways that control the redox stress response in P. brasiliensis are poorly known, but in other dimorphic fungi, the involvement of MAPK is an important factor in this process [[13], [14], [15]]. For example, when alveolar macrophages are challenged with Aspergillus or Cryptococcus conid

• CgtA is involved in stringent response

  2022-03-07

  

  CgtA is involved in stringent response and it interacts with SpoT to maintain optimal (p)ppGpp/ppGpp quotient in bacteria. Depletion of CgtA results in increased ppGpp levels [8]. CgtA is also important for cellular development [12] and involved in synchronization of DNA replication initiation and c

• A few of the islet specific proteins identified

  2022-03-07

  

  A few of the islet-specific proteins identified in the present study have previously been described in various contexts of pancreatic islets, i.e. PTPRN, SCG5, SCGN, SNAP25 and SNED1, validating the search algorithm applied and supporting the notion that also the novel proteins identified are indeed

• br Results and discussion br Conclusion

  2022-03-07

  

  Results and discussion Conclusion In summary, starting from our previous lead CGP41251 1, we replaced the 5-nitropyrimidine core with pyrimidopyrimidine to obtain a series of novel compounds as drug candidates of GPR119 agonist for treatment of type 2 diabetes. Some derivatives showed good ago

• In patients with type diabetes glucagon receptor antagonism

  2022-03-04

  

  In patients with type 2 diabetes glucagon receptor antagonism led lowered fasting glucose however not postprandial glucose levels [9], which may reflect that glucagon may not be of particular importance for the diabetic hyperglycemia upon a meal. Current glucagon receptor antagonists have however be

• Gastric inhibitory polypeptide a hormone belonging to the

  2022-03-04

  

  Gastric inhibitory polypeptide, a hormone belonging to the glucagon-secretin family of peptides, exhibits protection against the neurodegeneration and also stimulates neurogenesis in adult rats in a paracrine manner (Gault and Holscher, 2008, Nyberg et al., 2005, Usdin et al., 1993). The expression

• br Presenilins and Wnt catenin signalling Several groups hav

  2022-03-04

  

  Presenilins and Wnt/β-catenin signalling Several groups have provided substantial data indicating that PS1 acts as a negative modulator of the transcriptional activity of the β-catenin/Tcf-4 complex (Fig. 4) [120], [121], [122]. β-Catenin is a multifunctional protein that was first described as a

• br FXR FGF in the

  2022-03-04

  

  FXR–FGF15/19 in the control of BAs synthesis The nuclear receptor FXR is the master regulator of BAs homeostasis, modulating their synthesis, Pyridostatin and uptake [15]. FXR decreases BA de novo hepatic biosynthesis by reducing the expression of CYP7A1. At the canalicular membrane, newly-synth

• cgrp antagonist One effective approach to fine tuning the li

  2022-03-04

  

  One effective approach to fine-tuning the lipophilicity profile of FFA1 agonists is to ‘decorate’ the 3-phenylpropahoic cgrp antagonist scaffold with polar heterocyclic moieties. Alternatively, this scaffold could be replaced with heterocyclic isosteres (as in Takeda’s compounds 1,2 and 3 as well a

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