The mean values of the

The mean values of the ischiopubic index in the current study were 94.28±9.18 in male and 107.96±11.54 in female. In this ACA cost study, the length of the pubis in male and that in female were 82.10±7.21 mm and 87.35±7.78 mm, respectively, and the length of the ischium was 87.51±7.95 in men and 81.52±8.83 in women. In the study of Ekanem et al in Nigeria, the length of the pubis was 56.6 mm and 75.6 mm in male and female, respectively. The length of the ischium was 69.9 mm and 63.6 mm in men and women, respectively, and the ischiopubic index was 94.2 mm in men and 118.8 mm in women. Okoseimiema and Udoaka revealed that the length of the pubis was 74.99 mm in male and 84.88 mm in female, and the mean length of the ischium was 85.03 in male and 79.52 mm in female. Additionally, values of the ischiopubic index were 88.65 and 106.45 in men and women, respectively. In a study by Oladipo et al, the mean values for the length of the pubis, length of the ischium, and ischiopubic index were 78.51±12.4 mm, 85.58±11.6 mm, and 91.66±5.86, respectively, for Urhobo men, and 92.39±7.08 mm, 81.97±12.00 mm, and 114.93±18.14, respectively, for Urhobo women. In addition, the mean values for the length of the pubis, length of the ischium, and ischiopubic index were 82.20±10.62 mm, 83.84±10.82 mm, and 98.40±9.37, respectively, for Itsekiri males, and 92.05±6.36 mm, 85.03±14.59 mm, and 111.03±18.37 for their women counterparts, respectively, which show a significant difference among the sexes. In the study of Ekanem et al, the mean values for the ischiopubic index were 101.05 for men and 115.99 for women, and the mean value for the pubic length was significantly longer in women, whereas the ischial length was significantly higher in men. Results of previous studies and that of the current study have determined that the ischial length is larger in male while the pubic length is larger in female, and the mean value of the ischiopubic index was significantly higher in women. In the present work, the mean values of ischial length and pubic length were almost similar with that of the study of Okoseimiema and Udoaka, and were lower than the Ekanem study, which may be due to the wider pelvis in the Iranian population. The mean value of the ischiopubic index for men in the current study was higher than that in other studies; however, for women, it was lower than that in other studies, which may be due to the effect of ethnicity, environment, or age of participants.
Acknowledgments
Introduction Oligohydramnios complicates 0.5–5% of all pregnancies. The prevalence of oligohydramnios depends largely on the definition and criteria used for distinguishing it from others. The common etiological factors associated with oligohydramnios are ruptured membranes, congenital abnormalities, and placental insufficiency. It is thought to be associated with increased maternal and fetal morbidities. The perinatal morbidity and mortality are due to a high risk of caesarean deliveries owing to fetal distress, low Apgar scores, and meconium aspiration syndrome in the fetus. Fluid volume is a biophysical parameter with particular significance in high-risk pregnancies, as it provides valuable information about fetal well-being and for decision-making for induction of labor. Because oligohydramnios has been circumstantially associated with a variety of poor pregnancy outcomes, obstetricians have increasingly resorted to induction of labor in pregnancies complicated by decreased amniotic fluid volume. The ideal method to induce labor should be safe, painless, inexpensive, comfortable, and effective. However, such a perfect method does not exist at present. Most of the currently available methods for labor induction try to mimic the physiological sequence of cervical effacement and dilatation followed by uterine contraction, but the majority achieve only part of the natural progression. Oxytocin, misoprostol, and dinoprostone are the most often used agents for cervical ripening and labor induction.