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    • PSB 1115 mg In general the FDP gene is involved in isoprenoi

    2022-05-17

    In general the FDP gene is involved in isoprenoid biosynthesis for normal growth and development of plant species while it is specifically involved in rubber biosynthesis (cis-1,4-polyisoprene units) in Hevea plant. When the HbFDP gene was over-expressed under the control of constitutive promoter in transgenic Arabidopsis, the plant growth was promoted by three fold. Further, the RT-PCR results confirmed that HbFDP gene expression in transgenic plants was positively correlated with plant growth. Therefore, it could be possible to enhance the latex yield by over-expression of HbFDP gene in cultivated Hevea clones in the future. The biosynthesis and accumulation of secondary metabolites in plants are positively correlated with the transcription level of the respective genes in various organs and tissues as well as in different developmental stages. Specific accumulation of secondary metabolite that was consistent with FPS expression levels has been noticed in various plant species, such as W. somnifera (Gupta et al., 2011), C. praecox (Xiang et al., 2010), and H. coronarium (Lan et al., 2013). However, as described above, this higher level of HbFDP expression in laticifer cells might induce specific accumulation of isoprenoid contents in the PSB 1115 mg tissues at the tapping stage. Therefore, we can speculate that, during laticifer cell development in the bark tissues, expression levels of the HbFDP gene may be correlated with isoprenoid (latex) biosynthesis in rubber tree.
    Conclusion In conclusion, the present investigation reports for the first time on cloning and characterization of an intronless genomic FDP gene from Hevea tree. The putative sequence analysis results clearly showed that the cloned FDP member is an intronless gene and has two transmembrane motifs in the catalytic site. Accumulation of HbFDP mRNA transcripts was investigated in different tissue types and it was preferentially expressed in laticifer cells of H. brasiliensis. Further, Southern blot analysis confirmed that HbFDP gene is one of the members of the small gene family in rubber tree. The possible role of the cloned HbFDP gene was further elucidated by development of Arabidopsis transgenic plants and its expression level was studied by semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis. The growth of the transgenic plants was more vigorous than wild type. The cloning, characterization and expression analysis of HbFDP gene would enhance our understanding of the biosynthesis and regulation of plant secondary metabolites including isoprenoid compounds in plants and also provide molecular information for development of high latex yielding clones through biotechnological approach of this important rubber-producing plant in the future.
    Introduction Two sequential condensations of isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) with dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMAPP) lead to the formation of farnesyl diphosphate (FPP). This reaction is catalyzed by FPP synthase (EC 2.5.1.1, EC 2.5.1.10), which belongs to the short-chain prenyltransferase subfamily (Vandermoten et al., 2009). Most known short-chain prenyltransferases are homodimers and catalyze 1′–4 condensation reactions, in which the new double bonds are in trans configuration. Trans-type prenyltransferases share a common protein fold and display several regions of similarity. In particular, they contain two highly conserved functional aspartate-rich domains [DD(X)D; where X is any amino acid, n=2 or 4] referred to as first aspartate-rich motif (FARM) and second aspartate-rich motif (SARM). Eukaryotic trans-type FPS contain the FARM motif DDXXD and two aromatic amino acid residues at the fourth and fifth positions upstream from the FARM involved in product chain-length determination (Tarshis et al., 1996). A number of FPSs from organisms of all kingdoms have been identified and it is recognized as one of the most widely studied prenyltransferases due to its key location in isoprenoid biosynthesis (Vandermoten et al., 2009). In plants, FPS plays a pivotal role in isoprenoid formation since FPP serves as a precursor of a variety of isoprenoid end-products such as sesquiterpenes, triterpenes, phytosterols, dolichols, polyprenols, prenyl moieties used for protein prenylation and mitochondrial generated ubiquinones (Bouvier et al., 2005). There is a general agreement that plant prenyltransferases are distributed in cytosol, mitochondria and plastids. However, data concerning the subcellular localization of FPS are sparse. While several indirect experiments have suggested a cytosolic localization of FPS in Vitis vinifera (Feron et al., 1990) and Capsicum annuum (Hugueney and Camara, 1990), Cunillera et al. (1997) have clearly demonstrated that a long isoform of Arabidopsis thaliana FPS, bearing an N-terminal transit peptide, is targeted to mitochondria. In addition, FPS has also been found in the chloroplast of rice mesophyll cells (Sanmiya et al., 1999) and Sallaud et al. (2009) reported the plastidial localization of a tomato cis-type FPS involved in sesquiterpene biosynthesis.